|
|
|
|
|
|
| A contribution to IUGS/IAGC Global Geochemical Baselines |
 |
| |
 PDF version
Geochemical Atlas of Europe. Part 1 - Background Information, Methodology, and Maps
Salminen R. (Chief-editor)1, Batista M.J.2, Bidovec M.3, Demetriades A.4, De Vivo B.5, De Vos W.6,Duris M.7, Gilucis A8, Gregorauskiene V.9, Halamic J.10, Heitzmann P.12, Lima A5., Jordan G.13, Klaver G.15, Klein P.16, Lis J.17, Locutura J.18, Marsina K.19, Mazreku A.20, O'Connor P.J.21, Olsson S.Å.22, Ottesen R..-T.11, Petersell V.14, Plant J.A.23, Reeder S.23, Salpeteur I.24, Sandström H.1, Siewers U.25, Steenfelt A.26, Tarvainen T.1
1Geological Survey of Finland
2Geological Survey of Portugal
3Geological Survey of Slovenia
4Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration, Greece
5University of Napoli "Federico II", Italy
6Geological Survey of Belgium
7Czech Geological Survey, Czech Republic
8State Geological Survey of Latvia
9Geological Survey of Lithuania
10Institute of Geology, Croatia
11Geological Survey of Norway
12Swiss National Hydrological and Geological Survey, Switzerland
13Hungarian Geological Institute, Hungary
14Geological Survey of Estonia
15TNO-NITG, The Netherlands
16Geological Survey of Austria
17Polish Geological Institute, Poland
18Geological Survey of Spain
19Geological Survey of Slovak Republic
20Center of Civil Geology, Albania
21Geological Survey of Ireland
22Geological Survey of Sweden
23British Geological Survey, United Kingdom
24Geological Survey of France
25Bundesanstalt fûr Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Germany
26Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Denmark;
Contents
INTRODUCTORY TEXT CHAPTERS
| R. Salminen and A. Demetriades |
General Background
Sampling Media
Organisation and Time Frame of the Programme
References
| J.A. Plant, A. Whittaker, A. Demetriades, K. Marsina, and B. De Vivo |
Overview of the Geological and Tectonic structure of Europe
Precambrian Europe
| The Laurentian Shield
The Baltic Shield
The Kola-Karelian Orogen
The Sveco-Fennian Orogen
The Gothian Orogen
The Sveco-Norwegian Orogen
The Cadomian Orogen
The Caledonian Orogen
The Variscan Orogen |
The Mesozoic Development of Europe
Caenozoic Volcanic Activity
| Caenozoic volcanism in the Carpatho-Pannonian region Caenozoic volcanism of the European Rift System Tertiary British volcanic province Seismic and volcanic activity in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Italy and Greece Caenozoic volcanism in Italy Caenozoic volcanism in Greece |
Superficial Deposits
Acknowledgements
References
| W. De Vos, M. J. Batista, A. Demetriades, M. Duris, J. Lexa, J. Lis, K. Marsina, and P.J. O'Connor |
Introduction
Large Ore Deposits of Iron, Copper and Nickel in the Baltic Shield
Polymetallic Deposits and Lead-Zinc Deposits in the Palaeozoic of Europe
Irish Base Metal Deposits (Zinc and Lead)
Silesian-Cracowian Zn-Pb Deposits of the Mississippi Valley Type (MVT)
Zn-Pb Deposits in Southwestern Sardinia
The Kupferschiefer in Poland
The Iberian Pyrite Belt
Antimony-Gold Deposits and Complex Sulphide-Siderite Ore Deposits in the Palaeozoic
Tertiary Carbonate Hosted Deposits
| Volcanic hosted precious and base metal deposits of the western Carpathians |
References and Further Reading
| I. Salpeteur, J. Locutura, and J. Tyráček |
Introduction
Central Western Europe
Central Eastern Europe
Iberian Peninsula
Acknowledgements
References
Prehistoric Man
Population Growth
Land Use
| Agriculture
Urbanisation
Industry |
Energy Consumption
References and Bibliography
METHODOLOGY
| R. Salminen, M.J. Batista, A. Demetriades, J. Lis, and T. Tarvainen, |
Sampling Strategy
| GTN grid cells
Selecting sample sites
Duplicate sampling
Sample identifiers
Photographs |
Sampling
| Stream water |
| | Stream water sampling procedure |
| Stream sediment |
| | Stream sediment sampling procedure |
| | | Sampling using wet sieving
Sampling using dry sieving |
| Floodplain sediments |
| | Floodplain sediment sampling procedure |
| Humus and residual soil samples |
| | Humus sampling procedure
Residual soil sampling procedure |
References
H. Sandström, S. Reeder, A. Bartha, M. Birke, F. Berge , B. Davidsen, A. Grimstvedt, M-L. Hagel-Brunnström, W. Kantor, E. Kallio, G. Klaver, P. Lucivjansky, D. Mackovych, H. Mjartanova, B. van Os, P. Paslawski, E. Popiolek, U. Siewers, Zs. Varga-Barna, E. van Vilsteren, and M. Ødegård
Introduction
| Analytical requirements
Participating laboratories and analytical techniques |
Quality Assurance and Control
Sample Preparation
| Stream sediments
Floodplain sediments
Soils
Humus |
Analytical Methods
| Stream waters |
| | Determination of anions
Determination of dissolved organic carbon
Determination of major cations, metals and other inorganic elements
Determination of mercury
Selection of stream water data |
| Stream and floodplain sediments |
| | Determination of TOC
Determination of mercury
Total multielement determination by XRF
Total multielement determination by ICP-MS
Acid leachable multielement determination by ICP-AES
Selection of stream sediment data |
| Top and subsoils |
| | Determination of TOC
Determination of granulometry
Determination of mercury
Total Multielement determination by XRF
Total Multielement determination by ICP-MS
Acid leachable multielement determination by ICP-AES
Selection of soil data |
| Humus |
| | Determination of mercury
Total multielement determination by ICP-MS
Selection of humus data |
References
| T. Tarvainen, S. Reeder, and S. Albanese |
Introduction
Database Structure
Selection of the Most Appropriate Analytical Data
Procedure for Handling Data Below the Analytical Limit of Detection
Basic Tables
Map Production
Photograph Archive
References
ELEMENT MAPS
Ag - Silver
Al - Aluminium
As - Arsenic
B - Boron
Ba - Barium
Be - Beryllium
Bi - Bismuth
Br - Bromide
Ca - Calcium
Cd - Cadmium
Ce - Cerium
Cl- - Chloride
Co - Cobalt
Cr - Chromium
Cs - Caesium
Cu - Copper
DOC - Dissolved organic carbon
Dy - Dysprosium
EC - Electric conductivity
Er - Erbium
Eu - Europium
F - Fluorine
Fe - Iron
Ga - Gallium
Gd - Gadolinium
Ge - Germanium
Grain size .002
Grain size .06
Grain size D50%
Grain sort index
HCO3- - Bicarbonate
Hf - Hafnium
Hg - Mercury
Ho - Holmium
I - Iodine
In - Indium
K - Potassium
La - Lanthanum
Li - Lithium
Lu - Lutetium
Mg - Magnesium
Mn - Manganese
Mo - Molybdenum
Na - Sodium
Nb - Niobium
Nd - Neodymium
Ni - Nickel
NO3- - Nitrate
P - Phosphorus
Pb - Lead
pH - Acidity
Pr - Praseodymium
Rb - Rubidium
S - SO42- - Sulphur and sulphate
Sb - Antimony
Sc - Scandium
Se - Selenium
Si - Silicon
Sm - Samarium
Sn - Tin
Sr - Strontium
Ta - Tantalum
Tb - Terbium
Te - Tellurium
Th - Thorium
Ti - Titanium
Tl - Thallium
Tm - Thulium
TOC - Total organic carbon
U - Uranium
V - Vanadium
W - Tungsten
Y - Yttrium
Yb - Ytterbium
Zn - Zinc
Zr - Zirconium
PDF version
| |
